American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's the kitchen scale?

(This post has nothing to do with Frugal Month. It does have something to do with my recent obsessing about kitchens though.)

I like the cooking videos on the New York Times web site quite a lot. I especially like the ones from Apartment 4B, starring Jill Santopietro in her tiny kitchen. She’s adorable, and the recipes look workable.

But as I was watching this latest video, where she makes a pizza in that tiny kitchen, I was shaking my head in disbelief many times.

Well first, go and watch it if you haven’t yet. I’ll wait.

(Waits.)

Seen it? Ok, this is what’s bothering me.

  1. She recommends ‘fluffing the flour up’, before scooping-and-leveling it out with your standard measuring cup.
  2. She then makes the pizza dough with a gigantic Kitchen Aid mixer.

So basically, this girl who has a kitchen barely big enough to turn around in, has a giant mixer, yet has no kitchen scale. I guess there’s some sort of rationale behind the fluffing up the flour step, but - isn’t it more important to have an accurate amount of flour in the dough? What if you fluff more one day than you do another, and your dough doesn’t turn out the same?

Which leads to a question that’s been bugging me for a long time. Why don’t American cooks like to weigh their ingredients?

Now, while I did spend a number of years living in the States, I essentially learned the fundamentals of cooking in Japan, with some England and Switzerland thrown in there. (This is mainly because when I lived in New York, I either was too broke to cook much beyond the basics, or (later on) I had a crazy 100 hour a week type of job which left me little time or energy for cooking. If I’d had a food blog back then, it would have been about the wonders of NYC takeout.) Anyway, the point is, I learned to cook with this basic understanding: For complete accuracy, you need to weigh out ingredients, especially for baking.

But every single American cookbook or recipe site has measurements in cups and spoons. This makes sense for liquid ingredients. And most recipes are forgiving enough so that a few grams or ounces more or less don’t make a big difference. But if you have a complicated recipe for cake or something that you want to be able to replicate reliably, in my mind cups don’t really make a lot of sense. Commercial recipes, which must be reliably reproduceable, don’t do cup measurements.

I do write out most of the the recipes on my sites with cup measurements (as well as ounces and grams) for U.S. readers. I have memorized archaic U.S. only measurements like a stick of butter = 8 Tbs. of butter = 4 ounces of butter. Still, I don’t really see that it’s totally logical.

A fairly fancy kitchen scale doesn’t cost more than $50 or so, $100 at most. That humongous KitchenAid in the video probably cost what - $400? $500? More? I did not have a very big kitchen in the house we just sold, so I couldn’t find the space for a mixer, but I only needed a tiny narrow shelf to house a good kitchen scale.

So, my U.S. based readers - what’s your opinion? Why do Americans love cup measurements, and not weight measurements? Do you have a kitchen scale? Do you use it? (Do you have a KitchenAid or other big gadget, and bake often, but no scale?)

(Disclaimer: I have nothing at all against KitchenAid. My sister has one, it’s beautiful. I admire it when I visit her.)

(Oh, and one more thing that bugged me about that video, though it’s not unique in this: Carmelize onions?? Make them smell like Carmel, California? Isn’t it caramelize??)

Don't miss any more recipes and articles! Subscribe to Just Hungry via your newsreader or by email (more about subscriptions).

99 comments so far...

Comment viewing options

Select your preferred way to display the comments and click "Save settings" to activate your changes.

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I bought my scale the day after I received my KitchenAid (and then threatened each of my housemates with severe consequences should either be mis-handled). It drives me crazy when baking recipes do not give weight- and as an American, I don't care what weight measurement is used, as long as any weight is given (scales that have multiple options are my friend). Even when cooking, I'd rather have weight than "1/2 c. of chopped onions". What if my chopping is different than yours? Just tell me that you used 3 oz. of chopped onion and be done with it!
So- I am at least one American who concurs that weight is most important for baking ingredients.

Added bonus: I am so lazy that if I weigh it all into the bowl I am using to mix, I have fewer dishes to wash).

Jenn | 20 April, 2009 - 23:28

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Yes!! I love to weigh everything into one bowl. TARE FTW!

maki | 20 April, 2009 - 23:46

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Maki-san,
Perhaps it's the 10 years I spent in Japan or the fact that I have a Japanese husband though I now live in the Midwestern US; in any case, I have a kitchen scale AND a Kitchen Aid mixer. Though I thoroughly enjoy the latter and am thankful I have the space for it, it's the former I can't do without. Thankfully, my scale came with a conversion chart, so those annoying American recipes that give me nothing but cups to work with can be salvaged. I agree with you; everyone should cook/bake with a scale!
Jamie

Jamie Matsuoka | 20 April, 2009 - 23:48

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I don't have much to say on the subject of the weight vs cups issue other than the fact that it's just something that started a long time ago and never was fixed. I'd assume it's probably because it was a lot cheaper to buy measuring cups than a scale ages ago. And after time, we'd developed recipes around what was more readily available than what was accurate. I'd assume, anyway.

I have a scale, but I don't use it often. But then again, I don't need to use it often as I'm not really hardcore into baking at the moment. So, what I have is fine. I do use my scale for measuring soy beans for soy milk, though.

On the comment about the pronunciation of caramel: There are at least two different ways Americans pronounce caramel-- maybe more. One sounds like this: car-a-mel. The other is more like this: carrmul. Sounds like she's in the latter camp.

Arianis | 21 April, 2009 - 01:00

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

And CARE-A-MEL

And that city in Calif is CAR-MEL which some people do think is the candy you pop in your mouth, LOL.

anon. | 22 April, 2009 - 20:28

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I have a kitchen scale. I use it when I bake fiddly things, and don't bother when I bake forgiving things. I don't break it out often -- it's a largish mechanical scale with a fitted bowl, so a) I don't trust it because it's old and mechanical, and b) it takes up too much space to leave out on the counter.

When I'm cooking, as opposed to baking, I don't usually bother to weigh or even to use measuring cups a large part of the time. I can estimate anywhere between a quarter-cup and four cups fairly accurately for solid food. For liquids, I generally break out the measuring cups.

I have a Kitchen-Aid mixer. I got it for my wedding, so it cost me nothing. It fits under the sink, which I think is where most people keep theirs. (; It is emphatically not a gadget. It is a lifesaver -- handles everything I want mixed or kneaded or whatever. (:

Aaaanyway ... to the real meat of your question:

I suspect most people in the US don't like weighing their ingredients because it seems like an extra step. Rather than just spooning out exactly what you need, you have to adjust your scale for your bowl, put your food on the scale, see how much it is, add or take away ... too fiddly! (:

(and yes, CARAMELIZE. I wish people would use their spellcheckers. Oh wait, too fiddly. (; )

Leanne Opaskar | 21 April, 2009 - 01:10

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Ummm, that's a stick of butter = *8* Tbs= 4oz, I think...

Hate to have you short yourself on the lovely, lovely butter :o).

Kathy

Kathy in S.B. | 21 April, 2009 - 01:15
maki | 21 April, 2009 - 06:22

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Why do Americans speak English that's not the same as they speak in England?

We like to be different.

And we hate the metric system, too.

Other than that - I've got nothing ;-)

LizAndrsn | 21 April, 2009 - 01:20

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Thus is why America is the only place to refuse to adopt the metric system. We are all doomed as Americans to suck at baking (because we use cups) and use obscure measurements that only, we, Americans understand. I don't know the justification. I bake a lot BUT! I'm too use to this measurement style and too lazy to change my ways...I wish I was accustom to scale measurements. Also...you ask why we use cups, I don't know...just like I don't know how we had such a lame president for so long.

Mitsu | 6 May, 2009 - 07:37

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I can't speak as to why more American's don't use kitchen scales. I grew up not using one, so it is my first nature to not measure ingredients. What is funny is that when making pizza dough (or any bread products), I use measuring cups for a guideline, but use the "feel of the dough" to determine how much flour is needed. My mother taught me that the feel is more important than the recipe. My mother was a professional baker who used very large, old fashioned scales in her kitchen (that used removeable cast iron weights)since she was always cooking in bulk. I'm going to need to purchase a scale because some of her best dessert recipes are still designed to use 26 lbs. of flour at a time. It would be easier to break that weight down using weight, rather than cups.

The Carmel issue? I think it is just one of pronunciation. Some say car-muls, other say cara-mels. Or, Pea-cahns versus puh-cahns versus pea-cans for Pecans. Too many states and too many dialects. :-)

Angela | 21 April, 2009 - 02:21

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

After living in USA for 8 years, I am quite comfortable with the usage of cups and infact I find myself very lazy to scoop the flour and measure it on the scale and have to pour it back into the mixing bowl. I love cooking and sometimes refer to Asian and British weight measurements but most of the time, I find that using the cup method saves me a lot of time!My way to do it is just learn both ways.

LilyAnette | 21 April, 2009 - 02:48

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I love this discussion! I have never been able to remember conversions between teaspoon, Tablespoon, cup, quart, pint, etc. I keep a list of equivalent measures in the front of my recipe box.

I've always had the stereotype that food scales are for people on specific diets, like body builders measuring out their protein. I'll admit I didn't know people did "regular" cooking with a scale! My mother in the US and my mother-in-law in Japan both cook freestyle (practically no measurements going on), and they are who I learned from :)

Laura | 21 April, 2009 - 03:12

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

But the cup system has a long history! Marjorie Husted (the voice behind the original Betty Crocker radio show) taught two generations of women to fluff, scoop, and scrape, not tamp, their flour. My mother taught me exactly how you fluff - two times round the flour bin, then you level the top of the cup with a butter knife. The only reason a woman of her generation would have a scale in her kitchen would be if she was dieting. If you're being fancy, you sift your flour before you measure it because the sifter makes the loft in the flour consistent.

And no, it is not the best way of doing these things scientifically. But if you ask women who were raised by women who were raised by women who learned to bake from Betty Crocker's radio cooking school to weigh their ingredients their heads would probably spin straight around.

purpleshoes | 21 April, 2009 - 03:23

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

This American likes the metric system, but doesn't own a scale--you're right, too fiddly. But then, I am an engineer, and metric is powers of ten while standard cup quart gallon is not.

My first major purchase after I went back to work after staying home raising my kids to kindergarten age was a red KitchenAid stand mixer. I used to work in commercial kitchens when I was in school back in the day, and nothing whipped a batch of potatoes or whipped cream like a KitchenAid. I always wished they made a slicer for the little KitchenAid that worked as well as the slicer attachment for the 5 foot tall industrial model, but they don't, so I use a knife. I used the KitchenAid for batch after batch of whole wheat refrigerator rolls when I used to bake. Now the poor thing is lucky to get to mix a batch of waffle batter every 6 months, because, sadly (or not so sadly?) my kids grew up and moved out. My daughter covets my KitchenAid--but she'll have to pry it from my cold dead hands!

anon. | 21 April, 2009 - 04:02

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

It's inertia, mostly, and a feeling that the lack of precision in the kitchen isn't particularly important. In the few places that the precision does matter, they're willing to fail a few times until they've got the volumes mentally adjusted to meet the conditions of their own measuring. It'll change. 30 years ago, the English didn't weigh things for recipes either, and I've got the cookbooks that prove it.

Peter H. Coffin | 21 April, 2009 - 04:53

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Any baker who really cares about their bread should be using a scale to measure ingredients. I've worked in several restaurants over the years, in addition to being head baker at a bagel shop back on the East Coast, and anything that was going to be baked in an oven was carefully weighed beforehand.
I'm no longer in the food industry, but I nearly exclusively cook Japanese food at home, so I am never without my scale. (I don't even own a mixer - all my mixing is done by hand). Why risk the off chance that the flour will be a bit more dense then usual? Old-school bakers weigh their ingredients. Baking is straight-up chemistry, and weighing everything makes for a consistently good product every time.

tangentbot | 21 April, 2009 - 05:31

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I care about my bread- but I do it by feel so much more than anything else. There is so much that can affect your baking- how fresh your ingredients are (including flour), the particular oven you're using, the weather that day.... If you always stick with exact proportions it will get thrown off sometimes.

I do have a scale and I do have measuring cups. I've used both, but when I'm making bread I watch the feel of the dough more than anything else. (the last batch of rolls I made I had to use twice as much flour as usual, but they still came out great.)

cmtigger | 19 May, 2009 - 06:05

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I have a KA mixer, KA processor and kitchen scale in nyc. quite silly but true. I do love recipes with weights since the whole fluffing and leveling thing is fussy. and I forget how many 1/2 cups I've measured...

lots of ppl pronounce caramel as 'carmel' over here.

tiptup | 21 April, 2009 - 05:48

Carmel vs. Caramel

I get that some people pronounce 'caramel' as 'carmel'...but but but...a lot of people pronounce 'herb' as 'erb' too, but you don't see the H getting dropped in writing...

maki | 21 April, 2009 - 06:09

Re: Carmel vs. Caramel

It's the infamous silent H, I think a major confusion in the English language is that we take words from various sources/countries:

Why do such words as hour and honest have a silent h? Is it because they would be difficult to pronounce with an audible h?

H is often silent in English, for different reasons according to the derivation of the word concerned (Hebrew messiah; Greek rhapsody) or by elision (shepherd, exhaust), and so on. The words you mention are derived from French, and English took over the French pronunciation as well as the word. But in other similar words we have come to pronounce the h over the centuries: horrible, hospital, host, hotel, human, humour. And in yet other cases we have added an h where French has none: hermit, hostage.

source: http://www.askoxford.com/asktheexperts/faq/aboutother/silent?view=print

anon. | 21 April, 2009 - 06:33

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I have been dreaming of owning a KitchenAid mixer for many years, but my rice cooker, toaster oven, coffeemaker, and deep-fryer have already claimed all of my counter space. And every time I consider plunking down the cash for a fancy mixer, I just can't bring myself to justify the outrageous sum of money... a sturdy wooden spoon works just as well.

I don't have a kitchen scale either - although for some of my more difficult cake recipes I really should use one. I eyeball nearly everything, just how my mom and grandma taught me. And I have a few extremely old cookbooks passed down from my great-grandmother that call for "a fist-size amount" of this ingredient or a "dollop" of that ingredient, all baked in a "hot" oven! Worse than cups and teaspoons!

Beth | 21 April, 2009 - 06:10

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Beth is mostly correct. Americans for generations measured by eye, by hand, by spoonful. The early settlers in the 1400s, 1500s, 1600s, etc., didn't bring scales along with them for cooking. Can you imagine later crossing this enormous country in wagons and on foot? Can you imagine how impractical measuring things on a scale would be under all of these circumstances? Let alone hauling scales along? Those crossing the frontier learned their cooking from their mainly European ancestors, who didn't own scales either. How old is the metric system? Not anywhere near as old as the spoon, cup, handful. So, when you trumpet the accuracy of the metric system or weighing ingredients in cooking, you are speaking of much more current practices rather than of some ingrained obstinacy. My mother gave me a largish spoon identical in size to her silverware spoon that she used to measure flour for pie crusts. She "eyeballed" or knew by "feel" -- and baked the flakiest of all pie crusts. That's how we learned. Scales were owned by dieters, not by cooks. She had a post-war KitchenaAid that we learned to use. Those things never broke. I have an old cookbook that lists ingredients as "10 cents worth of meat" -- long before Betty Crocker. "Scruples?" Yes, those also. Precision is fine for some things; a little art is also appreciated. And Carmel, California is pronounced with the accent on the second syllable: car-MEL! Betcha 90 percent of us say "car-mul" for the candy.

SBS | 23 April, 2009 - 06:28

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

When I lived in Canada, I only used cups and spoons. It made so much more sense and I hated it when the recipes were written with measurements in grams. I've now lived in Japan for four years and I'm totally addicted to my kitchen scale. There is no turning back! I love usind the scale because I can mesure everything without getting a lot of utensils dirty. I guess we don't use scales because we don't know better?

kanmuri | 21 April, 2009 - 06:10

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I feel the same way...but about the American system vs. the metric system. As a Canadian, I've had to learn that one cup is 250 mL and I always have to double check how many millimetres a tablespoon is. But we don't weigh any ingredients. I guess it is the same thing, I never learned how to bake using weight, but using cup and tablespoon measurements (and later, mL ones when I forced my mom to buy them). Few of our cookbooks have weight measurements, and the recipes that have been passed down through family definitely don't.

Where I live it is so dry that flour wouldn't actually gain any mass from humidity. We never have to sift flour to remove lumps and we have to ADD moisture sometimes to our brown sugar when it dries out. I always assume that one cup of flour will always weigh the same the next day. It would be an interesting experiment to see if weighing makes a difference.

Nati | 21 April, 2009 - 06:14

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

it's not that we love cups haha. by all means, almost ANY decent chef in the US will use weight as a measurement, watching Good Eats with Alton Brown will tell you that. But for the common person, cups and spoons are just cheaper than a 50 dollar scale, and also take up less space. maybe in that particular video she had a small kitchen and a big mixer, but most American kitchens don't have one. I was a baker for many years, for a few different chains and also independent bakeries, and we ALWAYS baked in weight.
Mainly, it is the convenience and tradition. It's been that way since before scales and things were made readily available and that's just the way it has stayed. and as you stated before, in most recipes, excluding baking, the little extra weight doesn't make much of a difference.
Hope that helped!

anon. | 21 April, 2009 - 06:40

Different sizes for cups!

Yes, this drives me nuts, especially on Just Bento where I calculate the calories for each complete bento.

1 US cup = 236ml

1 Imperial cup (old UK measuring system) = 284 ml

1 Canadian or Australian cup = 250ml

1 Japanese cup = 200 ml... BUT

1 rice cup in Japan (or 'go' 合), used in most rice cookers, is 180 ml!!!!!

I'm losing my hair!!!! :P

maki | 21 April, 2009 - 13:46

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

I think in America it's easier to use cups and spoons instead of scales when we need to double/half/etc the amounts of the ingredients needed in case we have to double/half/etc a recipe. In my early cooking days (not in the US) I'd measure everything with a scale. Now that I live in the US, I use cups most of the time because I hate to do the math with pounds and ounces and whatnot. The English system just doesn't make any sense to me. I'm used to it but I hate it. My food comes out alright (I think). My hubby never complained! :)
I don't own a KitchenAid because I don't have enough room in my kitchen. I'd rather use my handheld mixer or knead by hand (It's good exercise!)

anon. | 21 April, 2009 - 06:54

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Honestly? That's how I was raised to cook, and my mother is English (my folks met, married and had my brother and I over there!). I can't say I've ever had an real issues with using cups, and the only time I used a scale (when I had one) was if the recipe used weight instead of cups, teaspoons, etc. And to be perfectly honest, I've had many, many wonderful meals that don't even get that exact!

There are many wonderful cooks with family recipes that use "a pinch of this," "a little of that," and other amusing phrases, handed down from parent to child and frustrating those of us outside the family from getting the recipe! Trust me. I lived in the south for 9 years, and could never get an actual recipe for southern biscuits, as everything was memorized and eye-balled. But oh jeez was it good.

Maybe scales were expensive, unreliable, or hard to come by "back in the day"? I'm not sure. But, cups can be dead simple, inexpensive, durable and compact. I love American food, but lets be honest - its generally not the most sophisticated stuff out there - so the perceived need might not have been there. Scales and other such things might've been viewed as only being needed for restaurants, cooks and bakers (ie, "the pros").

Chikahiro | 21 April, 2009 - 06:58

Re: American kitchens: Why cups, and not weight? Where's ...

Goodness yes, this has always puzzled me! Especially the 'stick of butter' thing. Do all butter manufacturers in the states package their butter in the same size? Are you obliged to buy them in 'stick' sizes, and how do you know the amount to use if you'd get a 'jumbo' package? And when you're buying dry ingredients, such as shredded coconut, does the packaging says 'X cups'?

kim | 21 April, 2009 - 07:29

Post new comment

The content of this field is kept private and will not be shown publicly.
  • Allowed HTML tags: <a> <em> <strong> <cite> <code> <ul> <ol> <li> <dl> <dt> <dd> <img> <br>
  • Each email address will be obfuscated in a human readble fashion or (if JavaScript is enabled) replaced with a spamproof clickable link.
  • Web page addresses and e-mail addresses turn into links automatically.
  • You may quote other posts using [quote] tags.
  • Lines and paragraphs break automatically.

More information about formatting options

You can change the default for this field in "Comment follow-up notification settings" on your account edit page.

Related sites

wfp banner img
freerice234_60_Banner2.jpg

Hello!

Just Hungry is a site about Japanese food and home cooking, healthy eating, the expat food life, and more. [log in] or [register]

About this site

maki Just Hungry is a site about food. There are lots of recipes and much more. You may want to take the grand tour, read about Just Hungry, or contact the site owner, Makiko Itoh. To dive in real deep, try the site map.

Sharing!

  • tech-fav-1.gif
This article is from justhungry.com.